Pangram, an AI-detection startup that has raised $13 million, estimates what percentage of a given text was AI-generated. Its scores have fueled publishing controversies: after Pangram's CEO posted that Mia Ballard's Shy Girl was 78 percent AI, Hachette canceled the release; The New York Times' Modern Love column scored 100 percent. In July, Substack announced it was integrating Pangram into its platform. Critics like Jane Friedman say detection tools are viewed as "just as evil" as AI companies.
No score is assigned. Sources and their independence are shown in the citation chain below.