Andrej Karpathy, an OpenAI co-founder now at Anthropic, estimates only about 20 million professionals use frontier models for work, while roughly 5,000 people worldwide have access to internal frontier systems. He argues the public largely treats LLMs as writing aids or better search, unaware of capabilities like agent swarms completing projects that would take experts years. He says capability currently peaks in digital, verifiable, economically valuable domains such as coding and math.
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